Amazingly Close Planets Challenges Planet Formation Theory

Amazingly Close Planets Found orbiting Kepler-36

Two planets discovered by the Kepler Space Telescope orbiting the star Kepler-36 that come to with in 1.2 million miles every 97 days. One is a so called "super-Earth" and the other is a gaseous planet about the size of Neptune 30 times closer than any planets our solar system. What makes this a particular challenge for naturalistic planet formation is that one has a density similar to Earth and the other has a density similar to that of Saturn. This will likely force yet another reworking of both planet formation and migration theories.

Mitochondrial Eve

Mitochondrial Eve  is commonly reported as having lived 100,000 - 200,000 years ago but hat claim is based on a mutation rate that assumes we had a common ancetor with chimps 5 million years ago but direct mesurments of the mutation rate produces a date fo about 10,000 years. This 10,000 year figure is consitant with the biblical account but not microbe to man evolution.

Introduction to Classical Mechanics

 The Force of Classical Mechanics - YouTube

The branch of physics dealing with the behavior of physical objects when they are subjected to forces or displacements is called mechanics is . The field of mechanics that deals the physical laws that describe the motion of bodies under the action of a system of forces at every day sizes and velocitiesis known as classical mechanics . These types of mechanics form the bases of physics.

The history of classical mechanics is ancient going back to least as ancient Greece and Greek philosophers such as Aristotle. In practice the principles of classical mechanics go back much further even though they were not yet formulated.  It became a full fledged empirical science with the work of Galileo and ing into the beginnings of physics as it is known today with the work of men shuch Isaac Newton.

Classical mechanics is limited by way of speed and size at which it applies. This is because when the size of an object union becomes extremely small quantum mechanics comes into play however macroscopic level quantum mechanics produces essentially the same results as classical mechanics. Also at speeds approaching the speed of light relativistic mechanics comes into play while at the speed experienced in every day life relativistic mechanics produces essentially the same results as classical mechanics. Furthermore at larger scales of size and distance celestial mechanics come into play however this is actually just an expansion of the principles of classical mechanics to larger scales.

Bacteria with amazingly slow metabolism found on sea floor

A  newly descovered  bacteria with an treamly slow metabolism has  been found 100 feet under the the sea floor of the Pacific Ocean in a location isolated from both sunlight, and fresh nutrients. They have a metabolism that is so slow that if they reproduce at all it only occures about once every thousand years or so. The ability of these bacteria to survive in the low nutrient conditions in which they were found shows that bacteria could also survive in material ejected from a planet into space. The are two possible ways this can occur. One is an asteroid impact where the bacteria hitch a ride to other planets on meteorites. The second is the fact that bacteria are constantly being ejected into space on dust particles where they can move around the solar system on what amounts to minny solar sails that eventually settile on other planets.These bacteria support the theory that if we we to find life else wheres in the Solar System that it most likely originated on Earth but wast transplanted by way of the above processes.

Reference: Bacteria with amazingly slow metabolism found on sea floor

Study ages the Rhine River 5 million years.

Study ages the Rhine River 5 million years.

Previously been dated at 10 million years the Rhine River has now been redated by a new study based on fossils of at a site associated with  now adds an extra 5 million years to the river's estimated age for a total of 15 million years. The orrgional darw was most likely based on erosion rate but this study shows the fact that dating sites by the fossils at them supersedes other dating methods.

Using fossil dating first of all requires assuming evolution ass wellas the accuratcy of the methods used the fossil types to begin with. That this supremacy of fossil dating causes renders the concept of fauna succession totally un-testable by eliminating any way of objectively producing a relive date for fossil sites that could be used to test it.

Shuch problems are inherent in all methods used to date the past.  A method bthat ecomes the standard for judging the results of other methods also  becomes totally un-testable. Even worst it can result in circular reasoning when the date derived by a given method are used to support the assumptions of the dating method. In this case fossil dating which assumes evolution is used to date rocks and these dates are then used to support evolution, thus the circular reasoning.

Catastrophic Model of Martian Geology III - YouTube

Catastrophic Model of Martian Geology III - YouTube

This video is the third part of a catastrophic model of Martian geology. This part describes new support for this theory of the geology of Mars.  The Catastrophic Model of Martian Geology has as a main point that most of the impacts and volcanic activity on Mars occurred as part of a single massive global catastrophe resulting in a large amount of  dust and volcanic ash would have been thrown into the Martian atmosphere. resulting in a large increase in atmospheric pressure. A recent sudy has now found evidence that the Martian atmospheric pressure was 20 time its curren value in the past this is full consitent with Catastrophic Model of Martian Geology

Two Additional Genes Help Increase the Complexity of the Human Brain

Two Additional Genes Help Increase the Complexity of the Human Brain

A gene called SRGAP2 that is found in humans, primates and other mammals helps control the rate of the development of the brain. A big difference occurs in Humans who have two similar genes that help increase complexity of the human brain by slowing its development.

These additional genes were place in mice and the proteins thney made bound the SRGAP2 protein slowing the rate of their brains leading to the mice growing additional neuron connections. This shows that these two uniquely human genes make  a huge differencet on human brain development making them an important difference between humans and apes.

One thing this study shows that is not stated is the fact that it is a great illustration of the fact that every biological study is interpreted with is obvious evolutionary spin. In this case the evolutionary spin is the claim that these additional are a result of a SRGAP2 duplication 3.5 million ago followed by the duplication duplicating to 2.5 million years ago to form the second additional gene.

What the hard facts are that humans share the SRGAP2 with primates and other mammals producing a protein the regulated the rate of brain development. Humans also have two similar additional shorter genes; one of these two genes is shorter than the other; that slow the brain’s growth rate as regulated by the SRGAP2 protein increasing the human brain’s time of growth allowing it time to make more connections. The references to gene duplications how ever are 100% interpretation based entirely on evolutionary assumptions.