The above video is a short version that dose not include the math. The following link is to a loner version that contains the math warning if you watch that we are not responsible for imageries to your brain resulting from excessive math content.
Measurements of the distance to moon made using
retro-reflectors left on the moon by Apollo astronauts has shown the moon is receding from the Earth at 3.82 cm per year. Measurements using atomic clocks
have shown that an day is Earth are getting longer at a rate of 1.7
milliseconds per day per century.
Now it turn out that these two phenomenons are related to
each other by way of the tidal forces between the Earth and the Moon. It has
been know for decades that when these figures are plugged into the laws of
physics that they show that the Earth moon system can not be more than
about1.25 billion years old.
Such calculations are largely dismissed by those claiming
that the Earth is 4.5 billion years old. They also point to paleontological
data as evidence that the moon is receding and it is receding at a rate
compatible with 4.5 billion years. These claims not only ignore alternative
interpretations of the fossils and rocks in question but they usually use only
one or two data points when multiple data point are used the scattering in the
data is not what would be expected if it were really a result of the slowing of
the Earth rotation.
It also turns out that when any model using a 4.5 billion
year old earth-moon system is plugged into the same laws of physic they never
produce the current Earth-Moon system with out significant tweaking and then
the always come in below the paleontological data. This includes the currently
accepted “Giant Collision Hypothesis of the Origin of the Moon.”
Furthermore when the same paleontological data is plugged
into the same laws of physics it produces a maximum age for the Earth-moon
system of about 2.067 billion years. Tweaking this model to make it reach 4.5
billion years requires putting an impossibly small delay time in high tide of
less than 24 seconds.
There is simply no way of reconciling a 4.5 billion year old
Earth-moon system with the laws of physics and the paleontological data claimed
as evidence for the same. They simply do not and can not be made to match up.
All of this makes a very strong case that earth-moon system can not be 4.5
billion years old.
You can try the Lunar Recession Simulator us in this study
for free online by following the link in the sentence.You can also buy a down loadable off line
version this Lunar Recession Simulator that comes with the source code. In both cases it will show you much
about tides, lunar recession and the slowing of the Earth’s rotation. It will
help demonstrate why the results present here are valid.
Geophysics is the study in physics of the Earth and its
environment in space. Geophysics mainly includes studies of the Earth's shape;
gravitational field, magnetic field, internal structure, internal composition,
plate tectonics, generation of magmas, volcanism and rock formation.
Some times it includes the hydrological cycle; fluid
dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere; electricity and magnetism in the
ionosphere and magnetosphere; solar-terrestrial interaction; and similar
problems on the Moon and other planets.
Geophysics is at its hart the application of the principles
of physics to the Earth and in more recent years other planetary bodies. As we
expand our knowledge of worlds other than the Earth this expansion is natural.
It is really only cultural inertia with in the scientific community that keeps
it from being changed to planetary physics.
There are four areas of geophysics that are of importance to
origins, in particular they show problems with the idea of an old Earth.
Radioactivity
Radioactivity is the phenomenon where by an unstable atomic nucleus emits ionizing radiation causing the nucleus to loses energy and rest mass. Radioactivity causes about 80% of the Earth's internal heat, with the main isotopes being potassium40,
uranium238, uranium235, and thorium232. While
there are many types of nuclear decay there are two main ones found in nature,
Alpha decay and Negative Bata decay.
In
alpha decay the nucleus ejects an alpha particle. An alpha particle is a helium
atomic nucleus consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. The process reduces the
atomic number of atom by 2 changing the element.
In negative Beta decay a neutron emits a Beta particle and an electron
anti-neutrino to become a proton. Beta particles are actually negatively
charged electrons. This process increases the atomic number of the nucleus by
one.
For collections of radioactive nuclei there is a characteristic decay rate
which is usually designated by the isotopes half-life which is the time needed
for half of the isotope to decay. This half-life is independent of the amount
of the present isotope because the more atoms of the parent isotope there are
the more nuclei will decay in a given unit of time. Nuclear decay is often used
in determining the age of a sample however there are assumptions involved in
the process. It is especially assumed that the half-life of an isotope is
constant.
Accelerated Nuclear Decay is the process by which nuclear decay proceeds at
a faster rate than normal. Now small amounts of accelerated nuclear decay have
been observed in Bata-decay under some circumstances. While accelerated alpha
decay has never been directly observed evidence for it exists in the retention
of radiogenic helium by zircon crystals. Accelerated Nuclear Decay would look
identical to normal decay but faster. The main argument against the hypothesis
that the retention of radiogenic helium by zircon crystals shows substantial
accelerated alpha decay is heat. The other common argument is the lack of an
observed cause of accelerated alpha decay. However there are theoretical
answers to both objections. The real reason for resistance to the hypothesis
that the retention of radiogenic helium by zircon crystals shows substantial
accelerated alpha decay is the fact that it would drastically reduce
radiometric ages. However none of these arguments change the fact that measured
helium diffusion rates in zircon crystals are a perfect match to a model
showing accelerated alpha decay about six thousand years ago.
Plate Tectonics
The Earth’s crust is divided into segments called plates. These plates are
not fixed but they slowly move over the mantel. Where the plates meet they
interact in three main ways sliding, spreading and subduction. Subduction is
seen as the driving mechanism of Plate Tectonics. When these plates interact
the results are Earth quakes and volcanoes.
Plate Tectonics got its start in a book published by Antonio
Snider-Pellegrini in 1859 called La Création et ses mystères dévoilés
(The Creation and its Mysteries Unveiled). He proposed that all of the
continents were once connected together based discovering the same plant
fossils in both Europe and the United
States. He then found this matching of
fossils on all of the continents.
He proposed that the super continent catastrophically broke up resulting in
the Flood described in Genesis the first book of the Bible. The catastrophic
nature of the process went against uniformitarianism and this early
version of plate tectonics got little support at the time. This image is from
The Creation and its Mysteries Unveiled and it shows the continents before and
after separation.
The idea of Plate Tectonics was later picked up by Alfred Wegener around
1910. He slowed down Antonio Snider's Catastrophic Plate Tectonics to make it
fit evolutionary time scales producing continual drift. This slowed down
version of Plate Tectonics became an establishment theory around 1963.
Catastrophic Plate Tectonics was revived by Dr. John R. Baumgardner in the 1990's
with support from computer modeling of the Earth's interior.The result is a
Scientific description of the Genesis Flood. Modern Catastrophic Plate
Tectonics is basically plate tectonics on over drive.
Geomagnetism
Geomagnetism is the study of the Earth’s magnetic field. It includes the
study of the magnetic fields of other planetary bodies as well. The Earth
magnetic field is tilted about 11 degrees relative to its rotational axis. At
present the magnitude of the Earth magnetic field at the Earth's surface ranges
from 0.25 to 0.65 gauss. The Earth’s magnetic field is produced by an electric
current in the core. However measurements since 1900 have shown a net loss of
field energy of about 5% which is equivalent to a half-life of 1465 years.
The dominant model used to solve this problem called the dynamo theory. The
idea is that the current that produces planetary magnetic fields is generated
by a self sustaining dynamo, powered by the planet's spin. The result is complex
currents in the planets core that causes the field to fluctuate from time to
time, and reversing itself. In the case of the Earth this is thought to occur
about every 500 - 700 thousand years.
From U.S.
Geological Survey: This Dynamic Earth
This theory is illustrated in this manner with dark areas showing the
present magnetic field direction and light areas show reverse magnetic field
direction. It shows these nice neat strips across the ocean floor, as produced
by the theory.
From U.S.
Geological Survey: This Dynamic Earth
In Reality the pattern is not so neat and regular, in fact the tendency is
for the positive and negative areas to be mixed up and this is the case all
over the world. It gets worse when you look vertically where negative and
positive are one on top of the other. Actual data seem to be inconsistent with
uniformitarian theory, but is consistent with: a rapid spreading coupled with
rapid magnetic reversals, a stretching with cracking and a single reversal,
temporary local magnetic reversals, and reversals resulting from stress in the
rocks.
There are other problems with the dynamo theory. Life would periodically be
exposed to deadly solar radiation. It can not explain the existence of the
magnetic field of Mercury. It rotates too slowly to have a self sustaining
dynamo and so it should not have a magnetic field. Furthermore Mercury’s
magnetic field is decaying and quit rapidly.
It can not explain the orientation of the magnetic fields of, Uranus and
Neptune. The magnetic axis of each planet is tilted about 60 degrees, with
respect to the rotation axis, so that the magnetic poles are near the equator.
Further more the source of each planet's field is offset from the center, by
about one third of a planetary radius. According to the dynamo theory, the
magnetic and rotation axes should nearly always be closely aligned.
Dynamic Decay Theory was developed by Dr. Russell Humphreys; a physicist
with the Institute for Creation Research. It uses an alignment of the magnetic fields
of the planet's molecules, to jump start the planets magnetic field. It
includes fluctuations and possibly even reversals during and shortly after the
Genesis Flood thus explaining the mixed up magnetic patterns. Projecting back
in time based on magnetic field energy, gives a maximum age for the Earth of
8,700 years.
Dynamic Decay Theory explains the origin of planetary and stellar magnetic
fields. The orientation of the magnetic fields of. Uranus and Neptune, both the
tilted of about 60 degrees with respect to the rotation axis and the field's
source being about one third of a planetary radius offset from the center. The
existence of the magnetic field of Mercury, since the field's source is a
decaying and the current in its core can not related to spin. Measurements by
the Messenger space craft have confirmed that Mercury’s magnetic field is
decaying as predicted by Dynamic Decay. The residual magnetism on the Moon and
Mars, despite the lack of a planetary magnetic fields. The strength for the magnetic
fields of Uranus, Neptune, and the 4 large
moons of Jupiter; all fall with in the range predicted by Dynamic Decay Theory.
Lunar Recession
One aspect of Geophysics that gets little attention for its degree of
importance is the recession of moon. That’s right moon is slowly getting
farther away and slowing the Earth’s rotation in the process. It was first
discovered following the Apollo moon landings by bouncing laser off reflectors
left behind by astronauts. These reflectors were designed to accurately measure
the Earth / Moon distance. The results showed that the moon is getting further
away at a rate of 1.5 inches or 3.82 cm per year. Furthermore a day is getting
longer by 1.7 milliseconds per day per century.
Backwards projection based on the observed slowing of the Earth's rotation
A backwards projection of the number of days in a year based on forces acting
on Moon and Earth.
This a backwards projection of the distance of the moon based on forces acting
on Moon and Earth
Tis is a backwards projection ofthe
observed slowing of the Earth's rotation and lunar recession data. The
current data is simply plugged into the laws of physics. The result is that the
Moon would have been locked in Geosynchronous orbit around the Earth 1.25
billion years ago. This is far short of the 4.5 billion years commonly given
for the age of the Earths suggesting that the Earth-Moon system can not be any
where near 4.5 billion years old.
The problem is understood by the proponents of a 4.5 billion year old
Earth and several solution have been proposed. The problem is that
paleontological data claimed as evidence for longer days in the past does not
fit with any possible model that allows 4.5 billion years The ultimate
response seems to be that the Earth-Moon system is too complicated to get
accurate results form such calculations. This is essentially admitting that the
problem can not be solve for an Earth-Moon system that is 4.5 billion years
old. Which is exactly what would be the case if the Earth-Moon system were
indeed much younger than 4.5 billion years.
